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101.
Spatial and Temporal Trends of Physicochemical Parameters in the Water of the Reconquista River (Buenos Aires, Argentina) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Castañé PM Rovedatti MG Topalián ML Salibián A 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,117(1-3):135-144
The Reconquista river is one of the most polluted watercourses in Argentina. More than 3 million people and over 10,000 industries
are settled on its basin. The available data show that pollution is mainly related to the discharge of domestic and industrial
liquid wastes that are poured into the river almost untreated. At present no site of the river can be characterized as free
of pollutants. Samples were taken monthly from 5 sites of the river; some 18–20 physicochemical parameters were determined
in each sample. Analyses revealed significant differences in the degree of deterioration between sites. Two of them, close
to the source of the river (Cascallares-S1 and Paso del Rey-S2) resulted less polluted than the two points located close to the mouth of the river (San Martin-S4 and Bancalari-S5). The worsening of the water quality in S4–S5 was attributed to the discharges of the Moron stream, a tributary that flows into the main course of the river a complex
mixture of non treated waste waters. PCA was used in the ordination of samples (sites, season and physicochemical parameters).
In the PCA performed using all variables, the first principal component showed positive correlation with N-NH4
+, conductivity, orthophosphate, BOD5, COD and alkalinity, and negative correlation with DO. The second principal component was positively correlated with pH,
temperature and chlorophyll a and negatively with phenols and hardness. In respect to the spatial distribution, the plot of the scores for the first two
components of samples taken in each sampling station showed S1 and S2 values displayed farthest at the left side of the X axis with high DO. In contrast, S4 and S5 values stayed at the right side of this axis with high N-NH4
+, conductivity, orthophosphate, BOD5, COD and alkalinity; data of S3 were “intermediate". In order to identify seasonal trends in the concentration of contaminants scores of cases labeled by
season were plotted. The line drawn on the ordination plane showed that summer samples tended to converge to the upper right
portion of the graph where pollution variables had more importance on the first axis, and along the second axis with high
correlation with pH, temperature and chlorophyll a. Winter scores were settled in the left lower part of the plot with minor contribution of pollution parameters and more importance
of DO on the first axis. Samples of autumn and spring did not fit a clear cut pattern.
Deceased 相似文献
102.
Fedra Bollatti Virginia Garcia Diaz Alfredo V. Peretti Anita Aisenberg 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2017,104(5-6):40
Mating partners need to recognize, assess each other, and exchange information through behavioral events that occur before, during, and after mating. Sexual signals, as well as life history traits, are influenced by selective pressures and environmental factors that can vary across distant geographical areas. Allocosa senex is a sand-dwelling wolf spider which constructs burrows along the sandy coasts of Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay. Females are the mobile sex that searches for males and initiates courtship. They prefer males which construct longer burrows, and males prefer virgin females in good body condition. The objective of this study was to compare sexual behavior patterns, as well as body characteristics and burrow dimensions, between two geographically distant locations of A. senex, one in Uruguay (Uruguayan location) and the other from central Argentina (Argentinean location). We found differences in the number of male abdominal vibrations, male and female touches during mating, and number of erections of male leg spines, which all were higher in matings of Argentinean pairs. On the other hand, male body mass and female body condition were higher in Uruguayan individuals. The wide distribution of A. senex could be determining variations in the biotic and abiotic features that affect the species, generating differences in the strength of selective forces acting on individuals from the two studied locations. 相似文献
103.
Ramiro Ahumada-Cervantes Gilberto Velázquez-Angulo Hugo B. Rodríguez-Gallegos Edith Flores-Tavizón Rubén Félix-Gastélum Jaime Romero-González Alfredo Granados-Olivas 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2017,22(1):137-152
To propose specific adaptation strategies in the agricultural sector based on vulnerability to climate variability and climate change at the local level, we built a vulnerability index using an indicator tool at a fine spatial scale. This index was applied as a case study in the municipality of Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico, at the basic census area (BCA) level. We used a total of 37 variables organized into three groups with equal weighting: exposure (13), sensitivity (13), and adaptive capacity (11). From the 20 rural BCAs located in the study area, eight were categorized as having very low vulnerability; five had low vulnerability; two had medium vulnerability because of the lack of basic services (sewers, water, and electricity) and a high rural population density; three had high vulnerability due to a high frequency of days with temperatures below 5 °C and the lack of basic services; and two had very high vulnerability, characterized by a high percentage of production units (PUs) with losses due to climate factors, a high rural population density, and a high frequency of days with temperatures below 5 °C. Approximately 50 % of the municipal rural population lives in BCAs vulnerable to climate change. This methodology allowed us to identify the most susceptible agricultural areas at the local level and the variables that require more attention so that we can propose adaptation strategies and minimize vulnerability due to climate change. 相似文献
104.
Van Damme PA Hamel C Ayala A Bervoets L 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(3):1061-1068
Several High Andes Rivers are characterized by inorganic water pollution known as acid mine drainage (AMD). The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between metal concentrations in the sediments and the macroinvertebrate communities in two river basins affected by AMD. In general, the taxon diversity of the macroinvertebrate community at the family level was low. The concentrations of Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb and Ni at mining sites were higher than at unpolluted sites. The pH of the water was alkaline (7.0-8.5) in unpolluted sites, whereas it dropped to very low values (<3) at mining sites. Redundancy Analysis (RDA) showed that pH was the best predictor of macroinvertebrate community richness. The number of macroinvertebrate families decreased gradually with increasing acidity, both in pools and riffles, though it is suggested that riffle communities were more affected because they are in closer contact with the acid water. 相似文献
105.
Marina Isidori Alfredo Parrella Paola Pistillo Fabio Temussi 《Environment international》2009,35(5):821-825
This study was designed to assess the overall ecotoxicity of ranitidine, a histamine H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits stomach acid production. Hence, in addition to ranitidine, its main two photoderivatives, obtained by solar simulator irradiation in water, were investigated. The photoproducts were identified by their physical features. Bioassays were performed on rotifers and microcrustaceans to assess acute and chronic toxicity, while SOS Chromotest and Ames test were utilized to detect the genotoxic potential of the investigated compounds. The results showed that ranitidine did not show any acute toxicity at the highest concentration tested (100 mg/L) for all the organisms utilized in the bioassays. Chronic exposure to these compounds caused inhibition of growth population on rotifers and crustaceans. Genotoxic and mutagenic effects were especially found for one photoproduct suggesting that transformation products, as frequently demonstrated, may show effects higher than the respective parental compound. 相似文献
106.
Flores P Lacasa A Fernández P Hellín P Fenoll J 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2008,43(6):513-518
A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the effect of biofumigation (with sheep and chicken manure) combined with solarization on the dissipation of pesticides (pyrifenox, DDT and dieldrin), and on soil metals accumulation. The treatments consisted of a control, and soil disinfestations by biofumigation combined with solarization (B+S) for two, four, five, six consecutive years. B+S enhanced the dissipation of pyrifenox with regard to control treatment. Significant differences were not detected among plots disinfected with B+S for consecutive years. On the other hand, B+S had no effect on the dissipation of DDT and dieldrin, probably due to the resistance of these pesticides to microbial degradation and/or high temperatures. Biofumigation is considered to be an environmentally safe practice, since no accumulation of heavy metals such as Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, or Zn was observed after the subsequent application of organic matter through the treatments. 相似文献
107.
Lagmay AM Tengonciang AM Rodolfo RS Soria JL Baliatan EG Paguican ER Ong JB Lapus MR Fernandez DF Quimba ZP Uichanco CL 《Disasters》2008,32(3):416-433
A rockslide-debris avalanche destroyed the remote village of Guinsaugon in Southern Leyte, Philippines, on 17 February 2006. Although search and rescue procedures were implemented immediately, the scale of the landslide and a lack of information about its nature resulted in unfocused and imprecise efforts in the early days of the operation. Technical support was only introduced five days after the event, provided by a team of volunteer geologists, geophysicists, and meteorologists. By the time search and rescue operations were transferred to specific target sites, however, the chances of finding survivors trapped under the rubble had diminished. In such critical situations, speed, accuracy, and the maximum appropriation of resources are crucial. We emphasise here the need for a systematic and technically informed approach to search and rescue missions in large-scale landslide disaster contexts, and the formulation of better disaster management policies in general. Standard procedures must be developed and enforced to improve how civil authorities respond to natural calamities. 相似文献
108.
Pharmaceutical compounds are considered the new environmental pollutants but at present few studies have evaluated their ecotoxicity on aquatic invertebrates. This study was aimed to investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity of four common drugs, namely atenolol (ATL), carbamazepine (CBZ), diclofenac (DCF) and gemfibrozil (GEM), on three different cell typologies from the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha): haemocytes, gill and digestive gland cells. Results obtained by the Trypan blue exclusion test revealed that exposure to increasing concentrations (0.001; 0.01; 0.1; 1 and 10 mg L−1) of CBZ, DCF and GEM were able to significantly decrease the viability of each cell type, while the MTT (3(4,5-dimethyl-2thiazholyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) reduction assay highlighted only a slight reduction of mitochondrial activity of gill and digestive gland cells. Overall, DCF was the most cytotoxic drug for zebra mussel cells, followed by GEM, CBZ, while ATL has not a noteworthy toxic potential. Our preliminary results lay the groundwork for further in vitro evaluations, which will allow a better definition of the potential toxicity of these drugs. 相似文献
109.
Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Vegetation Cover in the Spanish Central Pyrenees: Role of Human Management 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
A vegetation cover increase has been identified at global scales using satellite images and vegetation indices. This fact is usually explained by global climatic change processes such as CO2 and temperature increases. Nevertheless, although these causes can be important, the role of socioeconomic transformations must be considered in some places, since in several areas of Northern Hemisphere an important change in management practices has been detected. Rural depopulation and land abandonment have reactivated the natural vegetation regeneration processes. This work analyses the vegetation evolution in the central Spanish Pyrenees from 1982 to 2000. The analysis has been done by using calibrated-NDVI temporal series from NOAA-AVHRR images. A positive and significant trend in NDVI data has been identified from 1982 to 2000 coinciding with a temperature increase in the study area. However, the spatial differences in magnitude and the sign of NDVI trends are significant. The role of land management changes in the 20th century is considered as a hypothesis to explain the spatial differences in NDVI trends. The role of land-cover and human land-uses on this process has been analyzed. The highest increment of NDVI is detected in lands affected by abandonment and human extensification. The importance of management changes in vegetation growth is discussed, and we indicate that although climate has great importance in vegetal evolution, land-management changes can not be neglected in our study area. 相似文献
110.
Martin RR Naftel SJ Nelson AJ Feilen AB Narvaez A 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2004,6(10):783-786
Synchrotron micro X-ray fluorescence has been used to study differences in the trace element concentration between the dentine and cementum rings of human teeth. The results show that metals such as zinc are concentrated in the cementum rings. This suggests that if the rings are deposited annually a temporal record of metal exposure may be extracted from this material. 相似文献